Inhibition of fibrous dysplasia via blocking Gsα with suramin sodium loaded with an alendronate-conjugated polymeric drug delivery system

Abstract

Suramin sodium (SS), which can directly inhibit the committed step of Gsα activation, seems to be a promising drug for treating fibrous dysplasia (FD). Therefore, how to efficiently deliver SS to the lesion site becomes an urgent problem to be solved. Here a bone-targeted and pH-sensitive drug delivery system was constructed to deliver SS for treating FD with high efficiency. The novel type of bone-targeted cationic hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) (HBPAE) was synthesized by the proton-transfer polymerization of triethanolamine and glycidyl methacrylate, followed by surface carboxyl-modification and then conjugation of an alendronate (ALE) bone-targeting moiety. The resultant Suc-HBPAE–ALE formed nanoparticles in aqueous solution, and SS could be encapsulated into the Suc-HBPAE–ALE nanoparticles via electrostatic attraction. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assays showed that the SS-loaded nanoparticles had a spherical morphology with a mean diameter of 65 nm. The strong affinity of Suc-HBPAE–ALE nanoparticles to bone was verified by the hydroxyapatite (HA) adsorbing experiment. The therapeutic potential of the SS-loaded Suc-HBPAE–ALE nanoparticles was evaluated via the methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis against FD cells. The experimental results indicated that the SS-loaded Suc-HBPAE–ALE nanoparticles were a highly promising drug delivery system with high efficiency for inhibiting the proliferation of diseased FD cells.