Membrane-less organic–inorganic aqueous flow batteries with improved cell potential†
Abstract
A membrane-less organic–inorganic flow battery based on zinc and quinone species is proposed. By virtue of the slow dissolution rate of the deposited anode (<11.5 mg h−1 cm−2), the battery has a cell voltage of ca. 1.52 V with an average energy efficiency of ca. 73% at 30 mA cm−2 over 12 cycles.