Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocargoes for combined cancer thermotherapy and MRI applications

Abstract

Nanoparticle-based cancer diagnosis–therapy integrative systems (cancer theranostics) represent an emerging approach in oncology. To address this issue in the present work iron oxide (γ-Fe₂O₃-maghemite) nanoparticles (IONPs) were encapsulated within the matrix of (bis(p-sulfonatophenyl)phenylphosphine)-methoxypolyethylene glycol–thiol (mPEG) polymer vesicles using a two-step process for active chemotherapeutic cargo loading in cancer theranostics. This formation method gives simple access to highly reactive surface groups present on IONPs together with good control over the vesicle size (50–100 nm). The simultaneous loading of a chemotherapeutic drug cargo (doxorubicin) and its in vitro release in cancer cells was achieved. The feasibility of controlled drug release under different pH conditions was demonstrated in the case of encapsulated doxorubicin molecules, showing the viability of the concept of stimulated drug delivery for magneto-chemotherapy. These polymer-magnetic nanocargoes (PMNCs) exhibit enhanced contrast properties that open potential applications for magnetic resonance imaging. These self-assembled magnetic polymersomes can be used as efficient multifunctional nanocarriers for combined therapy and imaging.