Fluorometric selective detection of fluoride ions in aqueous media using Ag doped CdS/ZnS core/shell nanoparticles

Abstract

The presence of fluoride ions in drinking water plays an important role in human health. For that reason, maintaining the optimum concentration of fluoride ions in drinking water is essential, as both low and excess (above the permissible level) concentrations can cause different health problems, such as fluorosis, urolithiasis, kidney failure, cancer, and can even lead to death. So, development of a simple and low cost method for the detection of fluoride ions in water is highly desirable. In this study, a fluorometric method based on Ag–CdS/Ag–ZnS core/shell nanoparticles is developed for fluoride ion detection. The method was tested in aqueous solution at different pH values. The selectivity and sensitivity of the fluorescence probe was checked in the presence of other anions (Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻, NO₃⁻ SO₄²⁻, HCO₃⁻, HPO₄²⁻, CH₃COO⁻, and H₂PO₄⁻) and found there is no significant interference of these associated ions. The fluoride ion concentration was varied in the range 190–22 800 μg L⁻¹ and a lower detection limit was obtained as 99.7 μg L⁻¹.