The catalytic conversion of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) over a commercial Ru/C catalyst in a base-free aqueous solution was studied with 88% FDCA yield. A self-catalyzed system using FDCA for the dehydration of fructose to HMF followed by base-free conversion of HMF to FDCA was also demonstrated with 53% overall yield.
G. Yi, S. P. Teong and Y. Zhang, Green Chem., 2016, 18, 979 DOI: 10.1039/C5GC01584G
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