Issue 34, 2016

Construction of 2D interwoven and 3D metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) of Cd(ii): the effect of ancillary ligands on the structure and the catalytic performance for the Knoevenagel reaction

Abstract

Three new Cd(II) metal–organic networks, [{Cd(muco)(bpa)1.5}·H2O] (1), [{Cd(muco)(bpee)1.5}·7H2O] (2) and [Cd(muco)(4bpdh)·(H2O)] (3) (where, muco = trans, trans-muconate dianion, bpa = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, bpee = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene and 4bpdh = 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-3,4-diaza-2,4-hexadiene) have been constructed using mixed ligand systems at room temperature and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and other physicochemical methods. Compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural featuring a 3D framework structure with a 5-connected, {66} net topology. Whereas, compound 3 possess an interesting 3-fold interwoven 2D network with a 4-connected, {44,62}-sql net topology. Photoluminescence measurements revealed emissions from all the three compounds owing to ligand based charge transfer (n → π* and π → π*) transitions. Catalytic investigations of the compounds for the Knoevenagel reaction unveiled the higher catalytic activity of 3 compared to that of 1 and 2. The higher catalytic performance of 3 has been attributed due to the presence of the basic azine-functionalized pore surface. Remarkably, the catalyst can be facilely separated from the reaction mixture and could be reused without significant degradation in the catalytic activity for five cycles. Compound 3 is a rare example of a 3-fold interwoven 2D network acting as an efficient recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the Knoevenagel reaction.

Graphical abstract: Construction of 2D interwoven and 3D metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) of Cd(ii): the effect of ancillary ligands on the structure and the catalytic performance for the Knoevenagel reaction

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
19 Jan 2016
Accepted
11 Mar 2016
First published
14 Mar 2016

RSC Adv., 2016,6, 28854-28864

Construction of 2D interwoven and 3D metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) of Cd(II): the effect of ancillary ligands on the structure and the catalytic performance for the Knoevenagel reaction

B. Ugale and C. M. Nagaraja, RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 28854 DOI: 10.1039/C6RA01647B

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