Chiral conversion and periodical decay in bridged-azobenzene photoisomerization: an ab initio on-the-fly nonadiabatic dynamics simulation

Abstract

With the implementation of global nonadiabatic switching probability algorithm based on the Zhu–Nakamura theory, we performed on-the-fly trajectory surface hopping simulations at the CASSCF level to analyze the cis ↔ trans photoisomerization mechanism of bridged-azobenzene upon S₁ excitation. The cis-to-trans isomerization process was initiated by the pedal-like twist of –NN– moiety and observed hopping to S₀ mainly via the cis-form conical intersection region. While, the trans-to-cis process is induced by the nonsymmetrical torsion motion toward the central eight-membered ring and encountered surface hopping through another conical region lying in the middle of the isomerization pathway. In cis-to-trans photoisomerization, we also observed a particular chiral conversion pathway with surface hopping occurs at CI-trans conical region. The trajectories followed this pathway possess relative longer excited state lifetimes as the ∼40 fs initial stage oscillation in the cis Franck–Condon region. Moreover, the periodical population decay pattern of S₁ state in trans-to-cis process was observed with an interval of ∼16 fs.