Synthesis of sub-100 nm biocompatible superparamagnetic Fe3O4 colloidal nanocrystal clusters as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract

Synthesis of magnetic particles with superparamagnetism, high magnetization, excellent biocompatibility and small particle size is highly desirable for biomedical applications. Herein, we report that sub-100 nm biocompatible Fe₃O₄ nanocrystal clusters can be prepared via a solvothermal method by using water as a size-control agent and sodium citrate as a stabilizer. The resultant Fe₃O₄ particles have uniform spherical shape, superparamagnetic properties, high magnetization values, excellent colloidal stability and good biocompatibility. Notably, the particle size can be tuned over a range of 70–180 nm by changing the content of H₂O in the system. Moreover, the T₂-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments show that 85 nm Fe₃O₄ particles have an ultra-high r₂ relaxivity of 175.4 mM⁻¹ s⁻¹, suggesting a great potential as MRI probes. In addition, the labeling efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells with as-obtained Fe₃O₄ particles is much higher than that of commercial superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, which further indicates their promising in biomedicine.