Oxygen-rich anion based energetic salts with high detonation performances

Abstract

A new class of energetic salts containing an oxygen-rich anion—the 2,2,2-trinitroethyl nitrocarbamate anion were synthesized and fully characterized by NMR (¹H and ¹³C), IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the crystal structures of ammonium salt (1), 4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium salt (4) and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazolium salt (5) were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the decomposition temperatures of these salts were between 121.1 °C (1) and 137.8 °C (2). The densities of these salts lie in the range of 1.753 (1) to 1.827 (4) g cm⁻³. Their impact sensitivities and friction sensitivities were measured to be in the range of 1–20 J and 14–36 N, respectively. All the salts exhibited promising detonation performances (detonation pressure: 29.4 to 33.1 GPa; detonation velocity: 8213 to 8596 m s⁻¹), which were comparable to those of RDX.