One-dimensional (1D) [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) nanorods as an efficient additive for improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells

Abstract

We report a novel one dimensional (1D) [6,6]-phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) nanorod material as an efficient additive to form a wrinkle-like bicontinuous perovskite layer, where 1D PCBM nanorods can distribute homogenously throughout the film with an enlarged grain size. The resultant interconnected 1D PCBM nanorod within the perovskite material can also efficiently facilitate the photo-generated charge separation and carrier transportation process. An improved solar cell performance, from 9.5% up to 15.3%, was achieved using the optimized 1D PCBM nanorod content, along with enhanced device working stability. This work gives a new insight towards designing high performance organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells.