An enzyme-mediated competitive colorimetric sensor based on Au@Ag bimetallic nanoparticles for highly sensitive detection of disease biomarkers

Abstract

We developed a competitive colorimetric nanosensor based on Au@Ag bimetallic nanoparticles for the detection of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in clinical samples. Antibody-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and polystyrene (PS) microparticles conjugated with both catalase and a secondary antibody can form sandwich structures that enable one-step target enrichment and separation. The catalase on the surface of the PS can catalyze the hydrolysis of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to regulate the deposition of Ag⁺ on the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and forms different sizes and amounts of Au@Ag bimetallic nanoparticles (Au@AgNPs) which produce a distinct color signal for readout with the naked eye. Our sensor features high sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility and anti-interference property as a result of comprehensive parameter optimization. The limit of detection of IL-6 can reach 11 pg mL⁻¹ with the naked eye and 1.2 pg mL⁻¹ by quantitative instrumental analysis. The whole analysis can be finished within 1 h. More importantly, we successfully apply our platform or the detection of IL-6 in clinical samples with better accuracy than conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).