Nuclear inelastic scattering and density functional theory studies of a one-dimensional spin crossover [Fe(1,2,4-triazole)2(1,2,4-triazolato)](BF4) molecular chain

Abstract

Nuclear inelastic scattering (NIS) experiments have been performed in order to study the vibrational dynamics of the low- and high-spin states of the polynuclear 1D spin crossover compound [Fe(1,2,4-triazole)₂(1,2,4-triazolato)](BF₄) (1). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the functional B3LYP* and the basis set CEP-31G for heptameric and nonameric models of the compound yielded the normal vibrations and electronic energies for high-spin and low-spin isomers of three models differing in the distribution of anionic trz⁻ ligands and BF₄⁻ anions. On the basis of the obtained energies a structural model with a centrosymmetric Fe(trzH)₄(trz⁻)₂ coordination core of the mononuclear unit of the chain is proposed. The obtained distribution of the BF₄⁻ counteranions in the proposed structure is similar to that obtained on the basis of X-ray powder diffraction studies by Grossjean et al. (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2013, 796). The NIS data of the system diluted to 10% Fe(II) content in a 90% Zn(II) matrix (compound (2)) show a characteristic change of the spectral pattern of the low-spin centres, compared to the low-spin phase of the parent Fe(II) complex (1). DFT calculations reveal that this is caused by a change of the structure of the neighbours of the low-spin centres. The spectral pattern of the high-spin centres in (2) is within a good approximation identical to that of the high-spin Fe(II) isomer of (1). The inspection of the molecular orbitals of the monomeric model systems of [Fe(trzH)₄(trz⁻)₂] and [Fe(trzH)₆], together with calculations of spin transition energies, point towards the importance of an electrostatic effect caused by the negatively charged ligands. This results in the stabilisation of the low-spin state of the complex containing the anionic ligand and shortening of the Fe–N(trz⁻) compared to the Fe–N(trzH) bond in high-spin, but not in low-spin [Fe(trzH)₄(trz⁻)₂].