Chemically and physically robust, commercially-viable iron-based composite oxygen carriers sustainable over 3000 redox cycles at high temperatures for chemical looping applications

Abstract

High attrition of oxygen carriers from ionic diffusion induced morphological changes is one of the most serious obstacles inhibiting commercialization of chemical looping processes. By confining active oxygen carriers in an Al-based skeleton, a low-cost oxygen carrier achieving high chemical and physical stability over 3000 TGA redox cycles with exceptional attrition resistance and reactivity in a high pressure and temperature, chemical looping moving bed pilot plant, is enabled for commercial implementation.