Advancements in rationally designed PGM-free fuel cell catalysts derived from metal–organic frameworks

Abstract

Over the past several years, metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived platinum group metal free (PGM-free) electrocatalysts have gained considerable attention due to their high efficiency and low cost as potential replacement for platinum in catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in design, synthesis and characterization of MOF-derived ORR catalysts and their performances in acidic and alkaline media. We also discuss the key challenges such as durability and activity enhancement critical in moving forward this emerging electrocatalyst science.