Issue 1, 2017, Issue in Progress

Novel iron doped calcium oxalates as promising heterogeneous catalysts for one-pot multi-component synthesis of pyranopyrazoles

Abstract

The co-precipitation method using a surface modifier, glutamic acid was employed in the design of iron doped calcium oxalates (Fe-CaOx). Fe-CaOx with diverse iron loading (0.5–3.0 mmol) were prepared and their phase purity and surface features were examined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), N2-sorption, thermal and fluorescent analysis. The Fe-CaOx materials proved excellent as catalysts in the one-pot syntheses of eight 2,4-dihydro pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives via four component condensation of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, hydrazine hydrate and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in ethanol with impressive yields (92–98%) in short reaction times (<20 min). The 2.0 mmol loaded iron in Fe-CaOx showed the finest catalytic performance with 98% yield in 10 min compared to other loadings. The stability, ease of separation, and reusability for up to six cycles of Fe-CaOx make it an environmentally friendly and cost-effective viable choice for the value-added organic transformations.

Graphical abstract: Novel iron doped calcium oxalates as promising heterogeneous catalysts for one-pot multi-component synthesis of pyranopyrazoles

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
17 Oct 2016
Accepted
16 Nov 2016
First published
03 Jan 2017
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY license

RSC Adv., 2017,7, 423-432

Novel iron doped calcium oxalates as promising heterogeneous catalysts for one-pot multi-component synthesis of pyranopyrazoles

K. K. Gangu, S. Maddila, S. N. Maddila and S. B. Jonnalagadda, RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 423 DOI: 10.1039/C6RA25372E

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