Electrodeposition: a versatile, efficient, binder-free and room temperature one-step process to produce MnO2 electrochemical capacitor electrodes

Abstract

The use of room temperature cathodic electrodeposition to produce MnO₂ electrochemical capacitor electrodes is demonstrated. By employing a permanganate-based bath, birnessite-type MnO₂ electrodes are directly obtained with no further heat treatment. Moreover, a crystalline/amorphous structural transition is observed as the applied current density is increased up to 50 mA cm⁻².