Synthesis of different structured FePO4 for the enhanced conversion of methyl cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Abstract

FePO₄ catalysts with branch-like, flower-like, and spherical morphologies were synthesized for the conversion of methyl cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) via a hydrothermal route. The molar ratio of Fe³⁺ and H₂PO₄⁻ ions in the reaction system played a crucial role in the morphology of FePO₄. Compared with flower-like, spherical and amorphous FePO₄, branch-like FePO₄ presented a better catalytic performance in the cellulose conversion and 5-HMF yield. The branch-like FePO₄ retained a branch structure after recycling five times in the bi-phasic reaction process. The insolubility of low temperature and partial dissolution of elevated temperature were responsible for the excellent catalytic activity of the FePO₄ phase-change catalyst. The combined effect of H⁺ ions and iron species generated from the hydrolysis of FePO₄ can be favorable for the enhanced yield of 5-HMF.