Future high-energy density anode materials from an automotive application perspective

Abstract

Ramping up the full-electric vehicle market share heavily relies on the extension of electrical driving range, as well as on the reduction of charging time and cost. New Li-batteries should, at the same time, offer at least the same levels of power, lifetime and safety as the one nowadays available on the market. The achievement of these goals requires the development of new electrode materials with improved capacity, operating voltage, transport properties together with cycling and temperature stability. Several new anode materials have been proposed over the last decade. In this contribution we critically evaluate their chance to find application in the future automotive batteries. First, we discuss their properties at the material's level, subsequently, the energy density for selected candidates is calculated at the automotive battery cell level using an in-house developed software. If available, literature results concerning power capability and lifetime are also discussed with reference to the automotive targets.