Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of dicyclomine hydrochloride at a glassy carbon electrode modified with silver decorated Fe3O4 nanocubes in pharmaceutical and biological samples

Abstract

The proposed work introduces an electrochemical sensor based on an Fe₃O₄/Ag nanocomposite for highly sensitive and selective electrochemical determination of dicyclomine hydrochloride (DcCl) using adsorptive stripping square wave voltammetry (AdSSWV). A nanocomposite of silver decorated Fe₃O₄ nanocubes has been synthesized using a facile sonochemical method. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized using various characterization techniques. The impact of various parameters such as pH, scan rate, accumulation potential and accumulation time on peak current was studied employing different techniques including differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and AdSSWV. Under the optimized conditions, the peak current is found to be linearly proportional to the DcCl concentration in a wide linear working range from 2.0 × 10⁻⁷ to 8.0 × 10⁻⁴ M with a limit of detection (LOD) and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 4.8 × 10⁻⁹ M and 1.6 × 10⁻⁸ M, respectively. The fabricated sensor exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity along with good stability and reproducibility, and therefore the proposed method can serve as an excellent platform for the determination of DcCl at the nanomolar level with adequate recovery in pharmaceutical as well as biological samples.