Determination of β-carotene and total carotenoids in fruit juices using surfactant surface decorated graphene oxide based ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction

Abstract

In this study, the influence of surfactants (SDS, TX100 and CTAB) to modify surface polarity of graphene oxide adsorbent is proposed for the extraction of β-carotene and total carotenoids from fruit juice samples. Under the optimum conditions based on simultaneous ultrasound-assisted surfactant surface decorated graphene oxide and ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction (UAD-SPME) prior to UV-vis spectrophotometry and HPLC, the calibration curve was in the range of 1.0–6.0 mg L⁻¹ (R² = 0.9999), the limit of detection was 0.04 mg L⁻¹ and the limit of quantification was 0.12 mg L⁻¹. The relative standard deviations were 1.98% and 2.38% for intra-day and inter-day analysis, respectively. For real sample analysis, the contents of total carotenoids were found in the range of 2.37–65.02 mg β-carotene per L, while that of β-carotene analyzed by HPLC was rather reasonable (0.37–46.82 mg L⁻¹). The recovery tests yielded satisfactory results, ranging between 93.00% and 109.5%. Therefore, the developed method is a green way for the UAD-SPME of β-carotene and total carotenoids from fruit juices.