Intrinsic optical sectioning with upconverting nanoparticles

Abstract

Multiphoton microscopy is a powerful technique for imaging due to its deep penetration, low scattering and sectioning power, allowing control on all three axes for both imaging and molecular actuation, but involves expensive femtosecond lasers. We show that lanthanide-based Upconverting Nanoparticles offer an under $1000 solution with the main advantages of multiphoton imaging, including direct optical sectioning in complex 3D samples.