Size-dependent magnetic and inductive heating properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles: scaling laws across the superparamagnetic size

Abstract

An efficient heat activating mediator with an enhanced specific absorption rate (SAR) value is attained via control of the iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticle size from 3 to 32 nm. Monodispersed Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are synthesized via a seed-less thermolysis technique using oleylamine and oleic acid as the multifunctionalizing agents (surfactant, solvent and reducing agent). The inductive heating properties as a function of particle size reveal a strong increase in the SAR values with increasing particle size up to 28 nm. In particular, the SAR values of ferromagnetic nanoparticles (>16 nm) are strongly enhanced with the increase of ac magnetic field amplitude than that for the superparamagnetic (3–16 nm) nanoparticles. The enhanced SAR values in the ferromagnetic regime are attributed to the synergistic contribution from the hysteresis and susceptibility loss. Specifically, the 28 nm Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles exhibit an enhanced SAR value of 801 W g⁻¹ which is nearly an order higher than that of the commercially available nanoparticles.