Structural diversities of squarate-based complexes: photocurrent responses and thermochromic behaviours enchanced by viologens†
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Abstract
By using squarates as coordination building units, six new complexes formulated as [Mg(C4O4)(H2O)2]n (1), [Pr2(C4O4)2(OA)(H2O)4]n (2), [Eu2(C4O4)3(H2O)8]n (3) [Cd2(C4O4)2(bpdo)(H2O)4]n (4), [Cd(C4HO4)2(H2O)4]·(MV)2·(C4O4)2 (5), and [Cd(C4HO4)2(H2O)4]·(EV)·(C4HO4)2 (6), where (C4O4)2− = squarate, OA = oxalic acid, MV = methyl viologen, EV = ethyl viologen, and bpdo = 4,4′-dipyrdiyl-N,N′-dioxide, have been synthesized under hydro/solvothermal conditions. They present structural dimensions from 3-D networks (1, 2), 2-D layers (3, 4) to 0-D clusters (5, 6) based on the versatile bridged modes of squarates and the introduction of second ligands. In particular, 5 and 6 are the first examples incorporating squarates (electronic-rich species) with viologens (electronic-poor species) in one lattice. Consequently, they exhibit not only photocurrent responses but also reversible thermochromism, which will be beneficial for the design of multi-functional materials.
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