Thermally-healable network solids of sulfur-crosslinked poly(4-allyloxystyrene)

Abstract

Network polymers of sulfur and poly(4-allyloxystyrene), PAOS_x (x = percent by mass sulfur, where x is varied from 10–99), were prepared by reaction between poly(4-allyloxystyrene) with thermal homolytic ring-opened S₈ in a thiol-ene-type reaction. The extent to which sulfur content and crosslinking influence thermal/mechanical properties was assessed. Network materials having sulfur content below 50% were found to be thermosets, whereas those having >90% sulfur content are thermally healable and remeltable. DSC analysis revealed that low sulfur-content materials exhibited neither a T_g nor a T_m from −50 to 140 °C, whereas higher sulfur content materials featured T_g or T_m values that scale with the amount of sulfur. DSC data also revealed that sulfur-rich domains of PAOS₉₀ are comprised of sulfur-crosslinked organic polymers and amorphous sulfur, whereas, sulfur-rich domains in PAOS₉₉ are comprised largely of α-sulfur (orthorhombic sulfur). These conclusions are further corroborated by CS₂-extraction and analysis of extractable/non-extractable fractions. Calculations based on TGA, FT-IR, H₂S trapping experiments, CS₂-extractable mass, and elemental combustion microanalysis data were used to assess the relative percentages of free and crosslinked sulfur and average number of S atoms per crosslink. Dynamic mechanical analyses indicate high storage moduli for PAOS₉₀ and PAOS₉₉ (on the order of 3 and 6 GPa at −37 °C, respectively), with a mechanical T_g between −17 °C and 5 °C. A PAOS₉₉ sample retains its full initial mechanical strength after at least 12 pulverization-thermal healing cycles, making it a candidate for facile repair and recyclability.