Vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction and indirect spectrophotometric determination of chromium(vi)

Abstract

A novel, simple, sensitive and selective method for the indirect spectrophotometric determination of chromium(VI) was developed on the basis of vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction (VALLME) of an ion association pair formed between the triiodide anion (I₃⁻) and cationic dye Astrazone Brilliant Red 4G (ABR). The indirect spectrophotometric determination of chromium(VI) was based on the redox-reaction of Cr(VI) with iodide and formed I₃⁻. The triiodide anion was determined spectrophotometrically at 530 nm following VALLME of an ion association pair with ABR. The calibration plot was linear in the range 0.050–4.2 μg L⁻¹ (R² = 0.998), and limit of detection (LOD) was 0.015 μg L⁻¹ for Cr(VI). The suggested procedure was successfully applied for the determination Cr(VI) in water samples (RSD 3.3–5.7%, recovery 97.7–102.8% when determining ultratrace levels Cr(VI) at 0.55–5.77 μg L⁻¹), the accuracy of the method was assessed through a comparison with reference methods and certified reference materials.