Allosteric inhibition induces an open WPD-loop: a new avenue towards glioblastoma therapy

Abstract

The mobility of loops around the catalytic site of a protein remains crucial to its activity. Dynamics of the WPD-loop is an essential determinant of the catalytic activity of tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta, an implicated protein in glioblastoma cells. The WPD-loop assumes a closed conformation upon substrate binding in order to position its catalytic aspartate to participate in catalysis. Herein, we explore the impact of NAZ2329, a recently identified allosteric inhibitor of tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta, on the atomic flexibility of the WPD-loop. The druglikeness of NAZ2329 was assessed using the SwissADME online tool. The enzymatic complex was then subjected to conformational simulations using the AMBER molecular dynamics software. Structural analysis revealed that NAZ2329 induced an open conformation of the crucial WPD-loop, consequently impeding enzyme activity even upon substrate binding. Based on the molecular interactions between NAZ2329 and tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta, a pharmacophore model was generated to exhibit the important functional moieties of NAZ2329. These findings provide an insightful molecular and structural mechanism in targeting tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta as a therapeutic intervention for glioblastoma. We believe that this optimized pharmacophoric model will aid in the design of improved anti-tyrosine phosphatase agents, thus allowing for increased patient adherence.