Issue 68, 2018

Scope of sulfur dioxide incorporation into alkyldiallylamine–maleic acid–SO2 tercyclopolymer

Abstract

Alternate copolymerization of diallylamine derivatives [(CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]CH–CH2)2NR; R = Me, (CH2)3PO(OEt)2, and CH2PO(OEt)2] (I)–maleic acid (MA) and (HCl)–SO2 pairs have been carried out thermally using ammonium persulfate initiator as well as UV radiation at a λ of 365 nm. The reactivity ratios of ≈0 for the monomers in each pair I–MA and I·HCl–SO2 ensured their alternation in each copolymer. However, numerous attempted terpolymerizations of I–MA–SO2 failed to entice MA to participate to any meaningful extent. In contrast to reported literature, only 1–2 mol% of MA was incorporated into the polymer chain mainly consisting of poly(I-alt-SO2). Quaternary diallyldialkylammonium chloride [(CH2[double bond, length as m-dash]CH–CH2)2N+R2Cl; R = Me, Et] (II) also, did not participate in II–MA–SO2 terpolymerizations. Poly((I, R = Me)-alt-SO2) III is a stimuli-responsive polyampholyte; its transformation under pH-induced changes to cationic, polyampholyte-anionic, and dianionic polyelectrolytes has been examined by viscosity measurements. The pKa of two carboxylic acid groups and NH+ in III has been determined to be 2.62, 5.59, and 10.1. PA III, evaluated as a potential antiscalant in reverse osmosis plants, at the concentrations of 5 and 20 ppm, imparted ≈100% efficiency for CaSO4 scale inhibition from its supersaturated solution for over 50 and 500 min, respectively, at 40 °C. The synthesis of PA III in excellent yields from cheap starting materials and its very impressive performance may grant PA III a prestigious place as an environment-friendly phosphate-free antiscalant.

Graphical abstract: Scope of sulfur dioxide incorporation into alkyldiallylamine–maleic acid–SO2 tercyclopolymer

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
21 Oct 2018
Accepted
13 Nov 2018
First published
22 Nov 2018
This article is Open Access
Creative Commons BY-NC license

RSC Adv., 2018,8, 38891-38902

Scope of sulfur dioxide incorporation into alkyldiallylamine–maleic acid–SO2 tercyclopolymer

I. Y. Yaagoob, S. A. Ali, H. A. Al-Muallem and M. A. J. Mazumder, RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 38891 DOI: 10.1039/C8RA08723G

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