Annulative π-extension of indoles and pyrroles with diiodobiaryls by Pd catalysis: rapid synthesis of nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds

Abstract

A palladium-catalyzed one-step annulative π-extension (APEX) reaction of indoles and pyrroles that allows rapid access to nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds is described. In the presence of palladium pivalate and silver carbonate, diverse indoles or pyrroles coupled with diiodobiaryls in a double direct C–H arylation manner to be transformed into the corresponding π-extended compounds in a single step. The newly developed catalytic system enables the use of various pyrroles and indoles as templates with a series of diiodobiaryls to provide structurally complicated and largely π-extended nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds that are otherwise difficult to synthesize.