Electrochemical performance of antimony/chlorine-incorporated nickel foam

Abstract

In this paper, an Sb/Cl-incorporated nickel foam (NF) electrode material was grown on acid-pretreated NF by one-step chemical vapor deposition using SbCl₃ as the Sb source. The synthetic conditions can be optimized by adjusting the dosage of SbCl₃. The sample exhibits excellent electrochemical properties due to its unique morphology of porous nanosheet clusters, with a high specific capacity of 1248 C g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ and excellent rate performance (capacity retention of 70.5% at 10 A g⁻¹). An asymmetric supercapacitor fabricated with Sb/Cl-incorporated NF and activated carbon exhibits a high energy density of 57.6 W h kg⁻¹ at a power density of 1202 W kg⁻¹ with good cycling stability. The capacity retention after 10 000 cycles is 83.3%. Given these characteristics, this work provides a simple and scalable strategy for designing an electrode and a device with superior electrochemical performance in next-generation energy storage applications.