Energetic C-trinitromethyl-substituted pyrazoles: synthesis and characterization

Abstract

A new family of C-trinitromethyl-substituted pyrazoles was designed and obtained in good yields by the reaction of N₂O₄ with the pyrazolecarbaldehyde oxime followed by further N-nitration and C-nitration. All of the new compounds were fully characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Compounds 2 and 3 were further confirmed by X-ray crystallography. These pyrazole derivatives have good densities, positive enthalpies of formation and acceptable sensitivity values. Theoretical calculations carried out using Gaussian 03 and EXPLO5 program demonstrate good to excellent detonation velocities and pressures in the range of ADN and HMX. Compound 3 exhibiting a positive oxygen balance, high specific impulse and moderate thermal stability is a promising high energy density oxidizer.