Theoretical study on the electronic structure and second-order nonlinear optical properties of benzannulated or selenophene-annulated expanded helicenes

Abstract

Currently, discovering new materials with superior second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) performance has become a very hot research topic in the fields of chemistry and materials science. Now, density functional theory (DFT) has become a powerful tool to predict the performance of novel materials. In this paper, based on benzannulated and selenophene-annulated expanded helicenes, twenty-six helicenes are designed by introduction donor/acceptor moieties and their combinations at different substituent positions. The geometrical/electronic structures, electronic transition, and second-order NLO properties of these helicenes are full investigated by DFT/TDDFT theory. The investigations show that these helicenes have large first hyperpolarizability values (β_HRS). For instance, the β_HRS value (29.95 × 10⁻³⁰ esu) of helicene H24 is about 7 times larger than that of the highly π-delocalized phenyliminomethyl ferrocene complex. In addition, the introduction of acceptor NO₂ unit at R₇ and R₈ positions for helicenes H1 and H15 can obtain the largest β_HRS value, which is attributed to the enhancement of electron acceptor ability. In view of large NLO response and intrinsic asymmetric structures, the studied helicenes have the possibility to be excellent second-order NLO materials.