Immobilization of Lewis acidic ionic liquid on perlite nanoparticle surfaces as a highly efficient solid acid catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis of xanthene derivatives

Abstract

In this study, perlite nanoparticles were prepared through a simple method and then modified with Lewis acidic ionic liquid (perlite NP@IL/ZrCl₄) through a two step procedure. The prepared solid acid catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Perlite NP@IL/ZrCl₄ was used as a new solid acid, reusable and green heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the one-pot synthesis of xanthene derivatives. Synthesis of xanthenes was performed under solvent free conditions using a catalytic amount (0.005 g, 0.4 mol%) of the prepared catalyst with simple work-up and high to excellent yield of products. The reusability and high efficiency of this catalyst makes this method attractive for large scale environment-friendly operations.