Dynamic Halbach array magnet integrated microfluidic system for the continuous-flow separation of rare tumor cells

Abstract

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), the most representative rare cells in peripheral blood, have received great attention due to their clinical utility in liquid biopsy. The downstream analysis of intact CTCs isolated from peripheral blood provides important clinical information for personalized medicine. However, current CTC isolation and detection methods have been challenged by their extreme rarity and heterogeneity. In this study, we developed a novel microfluidic system with a continuously moving Halbach array magnet (dHAMI microfluidic system) for negative isolation CTCs from whole blood, which aimed to capture non-target white blood cells (WBCs) and elute target CTCs. The dynamic and continuous movement of the Halbach array magnet generated a continuous magnetic force acting on the magnetic bead-labelled WBCs in the continuous-flow fluid to negatively exclude the WBCs from the CTCs. Furthermore, the continuously moving magnetic field effectively eliminated the effect of magnetic bead aggregation on the fluid flow to realize the continuous-flow separation of the CTCs without a sample loading volume limitation. The experimental procedure for CTC negative isolation using the dHAMI microfluidic system could be completed within 40 min. Under the optimized experimental conditions of the dHAMI microfluidic system, including the flow rate and concentration of the immunomagnetic bead, the average CTC capture rate over a range of spiked cell numbers (50–1000 cancer cells per mL) was up to 91.6% at a flow rate of 100 μL min⁻¹. Finally, the CTCs were successfully detected in 10 of 10 (100%) blood samples from patients with cancer. Therefore, the dHAMI microfluidic system could effectively isolate intact and heterogeneous CTCs for downstream cellular and molecular analyses, and this robust microfluidic platform with an excellent magnetic manipulation performance also has great application potential for the separation of other rare cells.