A highly integrated All-manganese battery with oxide nanoparticles supported on the cathode and anode by super-aligned carbon nanotubes

Abstract

Herein, we report a novel battery with the characteristics of high energy density, environmental friendliness, low cost, and long life, which is based on a lithium-rich oxide cathode (Li_1.2Mn_0.6Ni_0.2O₂, LMN) and a manganese oxide anode (MnO). The lithium-rich oxide with high crystallization was synthesized by controlling the nucleation temperature, and the anode and cathode possessed oxides with nanosized particles that were uniformly dispersed and supported by super-aligned carbon nanotubes (SACNTs) without any binder or current collector. With these fabrications, both LMN and MnO exhibited excellent cyclic stability and rate capability; especially, an initial Coulombic efficiency of 84% and a capacity retention of 85% were achieved for LMN after 200 cycles at 20C. Consequently, the resultant battery delivered an energy density of 411 Wh kg⁻¹ based on the total weight of the anode, cathode, separator, and electrolyte. Most importantly, this battery worked well even when it was bended or twisted; this demonstrated its promising application as a sustainable energy storage device in various fields.