Issue 6, 2020

Bridging the immiscibility of an all-fluoride fire extinguishant with highly-fluorinated electrolytes toward safe sodium metal batteries

Abstract

Room-temperature sodium metal batteries with metallic Na anodes and flammable organic solvent-based electrolytes are breeding severe safety concerns. Herein, by introducing non-flammable, highly-fluorinated ethers as bridge solvents, we enable superior miscibility of an all-fluoride fire extinguishant into fluorinated carbonate electrolytes. Besides the intrinsic non-flammability of the designed electrolyte, the embedded PFMP extinguishant further enhances the battery safety by its efficacy to in situ dissipate the internal heat at an elevated temperature (ΔH = +88.1 J g−1). Moreover, the cyclability is greatly improved by using such an electrolyte. The Na/Na symmetrical cells can cycle for 1100 h at 1.0 mA h cm−2 and more than 800 h at 5.0 mA h cm−2. Paired with a high voltage Na3V2(PO4)2O2F cathode, the full cell exhibits a high initial coulombic efficiency of 94.7% and a capacity retention of 87.1% after 1000 cycles at 0.5C, which is mainly ascribed to the thin F-rich interphases established on both the Na metal anode and the cathode.

Graphical abstract: Bridging the immiscibility of an all-fluoride fire extinguishant with highly-fluorinated electrolytes toward safe sodium metal batteries

Associated articles

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
05 Mar 2020
Accepted
01 May 2020
First published
01 May 2020

Energy Environ. Sci., 2020,13, 1788-1798

Bridging the immiscibility of an all-fluoride fire extinguishant with highly-fluorinated electrolytes toward safe sodium metal batteries

X. Zheng, Z. Gu, X. Liu, Z. Wang, J. Wen, X. Wu, W. Luo and Y. Huang, Energy Environ. Sci., 2020, 13, 1788 DOI: 10.1039/D0EE00694G

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