Issue 7, 2020

Dual roles of glutathione in silver nanoparticle detoxification and enhancement of nitrogen assimilation in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

Abstract

Widespread use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as pesticides and fungicides in agriculture is a major environmental concern. In the present study, soybean (Glycine max L.) was grown in Ag NP (0–62.5 mg kg−1)-amended soil with or without the addition of glutathione (GSH). Ag NPs exerted severe phytotoxicity and caused the reduction of shoot and root biomass and total number of nodules or completely inhibited nodule formation at doses above 31.25 mg kg−1. Synchrotron-based techniques were applied to analyze Ag speciation in both the soil and the soybean root tissues at harvest. The results indicate that the majority of Ag remained in the form of Ag NPs and that 23% was present as Ag2S in soil; in both root and nodule tissues, Ag–GSH was the main component (40.6–88%) other than Ag NPs (12–59.4%), highlighting the important role of GSH in alleviating the Ag NP-induced toxicity. The addition of 0.8 mM GSH not only significantly increased fresh biomass by 85% in the 62.5 mg kg−1 Ag NP treatment but also decreased Ag accumulation by 24.8–27% in soybean tissues. Although the addition of 0.8 mM GSH reduced the nodule number and weight as compared to the control, the total nitrogen content in soybean co-treated with Ag NP and GSH was more than 5-fold higher than that in the Ag NP alone treatments, suggesting that GSH may be utilized as a nitrogen source while simultaneously alleviating Ag NP toxicity. The shoot and root contents of thiol compounds (cysteine and gamma-glutamylcysteine) in the GSH treatments were several folds higher than that in the control and Ag NP alone treatments. Further, higher levels of essential amino acids, particularly alanine, glutamate, and glutamine which play important role in N assimilation in plants, in soybean across all the treatments further confirmed that GSH was utilized as a nitrogen source, resulting in enhanced soybean growth. Taken together, this study clearly demonstrated the negative impact of Ag NPs on soybean productivity and N fixation and highlights the protective role of GSH against Ag NP-induced toxicity. These findings have significant relevance for developing future strategies to minimize crop loss in marginal or contaminated soils, subsequently enhancing global food security.

Graphical abstract: Dual roles of glutathione in silver nanoparticle detoxification and enhancement of nitrogen assimilation in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
10 Feb 2020
Accepted
12 May 2020
First published
13 May 2020

Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2020,7, 1954-1966

Author version available

Dual roles of glutathione in silver nanoparticle detoxification and enhancement of nitrogen assimilation in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

C. Ma, H. Liu, G. Chen, Q. Zhao, H. Guo, R. Minocha, S. Long, Y. Tang, E. M. Saad, R. DeLaTorreRoche, J. C. White, B. Xing and O. P. Dhankher, Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2020, 7, 1954 DOI: 10.1039/D0EN00147C

To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page.

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content.

Social activity

Spotlight

Advertisements