Retracted Article: Determination of cadmium in rice using nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with film preparation

Abstract

The ability of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to detect Cd in rice is limited. A nanoparticle enhancement method combined with film preparation to improve the detection with LIBS is proposed. The film sample was prepared by scraping the mixed rice powder and silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) suspensions onto a glass slide, which was then dried in air. Finally, the glass slide that contained the analytes and Ag NPs was used for LIBS determination. Compared with the traditional tableting method, the spectral intensity of Cd is increased by a factor of 20. Thus, the limit of detection was 0.17 μg g⁻¹, and the limit of quantification was 0.56 μg g⁻¹. The results demonstrate that the method of nanoparticle-enhanced LIBS (NELIBS) combined with film preparation can be used to distinguish rice with excessive Cd content.