Large-area 2D PtTe2/silicon vertical-junction devices with ultrafast and high-sensitivity photodetection and photovoltaic enhancement by integrating water droplets

Abstract

2D PtTe₂ layers, a relatively new class of 2D crystals, have unique band structure and remarkably high electrical conductivity promising for emergent opto-electronics. This intrinsic superiority can be further leveraged toward practical device applications by merging them with mature 3D semiconductors, which has remained largely unexplored. Herein, we explored 2D/3D heterojunction devices by directly growing large-area (>cm²) 2D PtTe₂ layers on Si wafers using a low-temperature CVD method and unveiled their superior opto-electrical characteristics. The devices exhibited excellent Schottky transport characteristics essential for high-performance photovoltaics and photodetection, i.e., well-balanced combination of high photodetectivity (>10¹³ Jones), small photo-responsiveness time (∼1 μs), high current rectification ratio (>10⁵), and water super-hydrophobicity driven photovoltaic improvement (>300%). These performances were identified to be superior to those of previously explored 2D/3D or 2D layer-based devices with much smaller junction areas, and their underlying principles were confirmed by DFT calculations.