Radiation-induced curcumin release from curcumin–chitosan polymer films

Abstract

The probability of human exposure to damaging radiation is increased in activities associated with long-term space flight, medical radiation therapies, and responses to nuclear accidents. However, the development of responsive countermeasures to combat radiation damage to biological tissue is lagging behind rates of human exposure. Herein, we report a radiation-responsive drug delivery system that releases doses of curcumin from a chitosan polymer/film in response to low level gamma radiation exposure. As a fibrous chitosan–curcumin polymer, 1 Gy gamma irradiation (¹³⁷Cs) released 5 ± 1% of conjugated curcumin, while 6 Gy exposure releases 98 ± 1% of conjugated curcumin. The same polymer was formed into a film through solvent casting. The films showed similar, albeit attenuated behavior in water (100% released) and isopropyl alcohol (32% released) with statistically significant drug release following 2 Gy irradiation. ATR FT-IR studies confirmed glycosidic bond cleavage in the chitosan–curcumin polymer in response to gamma radiation exposure. Similar behavior was noted upon exposure of the polymer to 20 cGy (1 GeV amu⁻¹, at 20 cGy min⁻¹) high linear energy transfer (LET) ⁵⁶Fe radiation based on FTIR studies. Density Functional Theory calculations indicate homolytic bond scission as the primary mechanism for polymer disintegration upon radiation exposure. Films did not change in thickness during the course of radiation exposure. The successful demonstration of radiation-triggered drug release may lead to new classes of radio-protective platforms for developing countermeasures to biological damage from ionizing radiation.