Effect of alcohol addition on the structure and corrosion resistance of plasma electrolytic oxidation films formed on AZ31B magnesium alloy

Abstract

The effect of the addition of alcohol to a Na₃PO₄-based electrolyte on plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of AZ31B magnesium alloy was investigated. Anodization with spark discharge was conducted in Na₃PO₄-based electrolyte containing various alcohols (e.g., ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol) at a constant current density of 200 A m⁻² and a constant temperature of 25 °C. Voltage–time curves during the PEO process, the film structure, surface roughness, crystallographic structure, composition, corrosion resistance, and withstand voltage were investigated using various analytical equipment and electrochemical measurements. When the electrolyte containing alcohol was used, the initial bending voltage was higher than that observed using the basic electrolyte without alcohol addition, as was the oscillation voltage during the PEO process. For a given amount of electricity supplied, the addition of alcohol into the basic electrolyte tended to increase the thickness and corrosion resistance of PEO films formed while effectively reducing surface roughness. In particular, the addition of a polyhydric alcohol (i.e., ethylene glycol and glycerol) could act not only as a leveler for the formation of compact film but also as an enhancer for film qualities, such as corrosion resistance and withstand voltage. The patterns observed for Na₃PO₄-based electrolyte containing alcohol also hold for Na₂SiO₃-based electrolyte containing alcohol.