A nickel nanoparticle engineered CoFe2O4@GO–Kryptofix 22 composite: a green and retrievable catalytic system for the synthesis of 1,4-benzodiazepines in water

Abstract

A composite of Ni nanoparticles incorporated in Kryptofix 22 conjugated magnetic nano-graphene oxide, CoFe₂O₄@GO–K 22·Ni, was synthesized via the grafting of Kryptofix 22 moieties on the magnetic nano-graphene oxide surface, followed by reaction of the nanocomposite with nickel nitrate. The Kryptofix 22 host material unit cavities can stabilize the Ni nanoparticles effectively and prevent their aggregation and separation from the surface. Characterization of the catalysts by FT-IR, FE-SEM, TGA, ICP, EDX, XRD, VSM and BET aided understanding the catalyst structure and morphology. This catalyst was efficiently applied for the synthesis of 1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives. The main advantages of the method are mild reaction conditions, inexpensive catalyst, it is environmentally benign, has high to excellent yields and shorter reaction times. This organometallic catalyst can be easily separated from a reaction mixture and was successfully examined for six runs with a slight loss of catalytic activity.