Heterogeneous activation of persulfate by ZnCoxFe2−xO4 loaded on rice hull carbon for degrading bisphenol A

Abstract

A new low-cost composite of ZnCo_xFe_2−xO₄ loaded on rice hull carbon (ZnCo_xFe_2−xO₄-RHC) was synthesized via waste ferrous sulfate (the industrial waste produced in the process of producing titanium dioxide) and rice hull as raw materials, which was applied for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) by heterogeneous activated peroxodisulfate (PS). A series of characterizations including XRD, SEM, FTIR, and BET analysis were carried out to analyze the structure and morphology of the materials. It is confirmed that the ZnCo_xFe_2−xO₄-RHC composites show better catalytic activity and performance than other control samples, which can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Fe and Co, ZnCo_xFe_2−xO₄ and RHC based on these analyses. The degradation rate of BPA by ZnCo_1.3Fe_0.7O₄-50%RHC reached 100% within 15 min, and it can still maintain good catalytic efficiency after 5 cycles. ESR test and XPS results showed that free radical and non-free radical processes were involved in BPA degradation. These findings offer a novel, low cost and simple strategy for rational design and modulation of catalysts for the industrial degradation of organic pollutants, and provide a new idea for the utilization of waste ferrous sulphate in titanium dioxide industry.