TCNQ as a volatilizable morphology modulator enables enhanced performance in non-fullerene organic solar cells

Abstract

TCNQ is applied in the non-fullerene-based active layer to fully investigate its effect on the film morphology and photovoltaic performance. Facilitated by the introduction and volatilization of TCNQ after thermal annealing, optimized film morphology with a better phase separation structure is achieved, leading to higher power conversion efficiency.