A dual-functional intelligent logic detector based on new Ln-MOFs: first visual logical probe for the two-dimensional monitoring of pyrethroid biomarkers

Abstract

Nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) is flourishing in various fields, but the application of complex intelligent logic systems to the two-dimensional monitoring of biomarkers is quite rare. A two-dimensional monitor, which is first proposed here, refers to the simultaneous monitoring of the exposure time and exposure extent of biomarkers. By taking advantage of the facile preparation, sensitive recognition and visible outputs, a new lanthanide-based metal–organic framework (Ln-MOF) was chosen as the signal transducer to construct the first example of a dual-functional intelligent logic detector. The designed logic detector, which contained two combinational logic gates, could visually and simultaneously monitor the pyrethroid (PYR) exposure time and exposure extent in two-dimensions because its two biomarkers could trigger different fluorescence quenching of Eu³⁺ (λ_614 nm) with the switch of excitation light. Part 1 of the detector is to detect the existence of 3-PBD and 3-PBA to infer the exposure time, while Part 2 is to play the second function of monitoring the concentration of 3-PBA in urine, which can deduce the exposure extent of PYRs. The first successful construction of the dual-functional intelligent logic detector (based on Ln-MOFs) can provide a novel idea for the visual identification of the exposure time and exposure extent in two-dimensional monitor biomarkers.