Development of highly sensitive and selective bisphenol A sensor based on a cobalt phthalocyanine-modified carbon paste electrode: application in dairy analysis

Abstract

The development of an accurate, sensitive and selective sensor for the detection of bisphenol A (BPA) based on the incorporation of a new phthalocyanine derivative, cobalt phthalocyanine, C,C,C,C-tetracarboxylic acid-polyacrylamide (CoPc-PAA) into a carbon-paste matrix is presented using voltammetry and constant potential techniques. The influence of measuring parameters such as pH and scan rate on the analytical performance of the sensor was evaluated. Several kinetic parameters such as electron transfer number (n), charge transfer coefficient (α), electrode surface area (A) and diffusion coefficient (D) were also calculated. Under optimum conditions, particularly at pH 7.2, the BPA sensor resulted in a wide linear range from 25 × 10⁻¹¹ M to 2.5 × 10⁻⁷ M and a limit of detection as low as 63.5 pM. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that our sensor can be substantially utilized for detecting BPA in spiked milk samples.