Inexpensive ion-selective electrodes for the simultaneous monitoring of potassium and nitrate concentrations in nutrient solutions

Abstract

A fast, simple and inexpensive potentiometric method has been developed for the determination of the major ions potassium and nitrate in nutrient solutions, by means of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) based on plasticized polyvinyl membranes containing an ion-exchanger. Tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDMACl) and potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (KTClPB) were used as ion-exchangers for the nitrate and potassium electrodes, respectively. Electrode membranes built with different plasticizers, bis-[2-ethylhexyl]-sebacate (DOS), tricresyl phosphate (TCP) and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE), were tested, and NPOE was selected. The electrodes were calibrated over both wide and narrow concentration ranges and residual analysis was made. Based on the results of these calibrations, the method of standard addition was developed and found to be suitable for the simultaneous determination of potassium and nitrate in nutrient solutions. A large group of samples taken from different stages of hydroponic crops was analysed. Several approaches recommended for statistical comparisons of the results obtained by potentiometric and by reference methods were tested, obtaining satisfactory results. The potentiometric methodology developed is promising for monitoring the concentration of these essential nutrients in nutrient solutions.