Dual-state efficient chromophore with pH-responsive and solvatofluorochromic properties based on an asymmetric single benzene framework

Abstract

We present a unique single-benzene-based chromophore with asymmetric structure that emits efficient luminescence in both solid and solution states and shows solvatofluorochromism, large Stokes shift (154–219 nm) and an extraordinary wide range of solvent compatibility. The asymmetric structural feature endows this chromophore with significant ratiometric pH-dependent fluorescence for accurate and fast pH sensing over a pH range from 4.0 to 8.2, which could be applied for visual identification of different brands of drinking water. It may find broad applications in environmental sensing and pH-associated physiological processes.