In situ construction of 3D TiO2 photoelectrode with multilevel facet heterojunctions towards the efficient removal of bisphenol A

Abstract

An innovative three-dimensional (3D) TiO₂ photoelectrode with multilevel facet heterojunctions (FHs) is rationally designed based on in situ 1D rutile TiO₂ nanorods with top {111} facets on a Ti mesh substrate. The 3D configuration composed of nanosheets and nanorods is provided with large specific area. The stepped band structure of the multilevel FH gives further impetus to spatial charge separation. The obtained FH-{111}TiO₂/Ti photoelectrode achieves a 100% removal of bisphenol A (BPA) in only 20 min and presents an outstanding stability even after 10 cycles. Briefly, this work provides a reference pathway for the highly efficient removal of BPA.