Origins of low lattice thermal conductivity of Pb1−xSnxTe alloys for thermoelectric applications

Abstract

Lead telluride is a well-established material for direct conversion of heat into electricity. However, the aspects of the heat transport phenomena for PbTe-alloys remain not fully understood. Here, for the first time, origins of the phonon scattering in Pb_1−xSn_xTe compounds were studied through changes in the effective anharmonic pair potential obtained from X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. Results indicate that the interatomic pair potential of Pb–Te and Sn–Te bonds changes with the level of substitution x and that the anharmonicity of bonds in the solid solution is increased leading to the lower values of the lattice thermal conductivity. Furthermore, due to the existence of a soft TO mode in Pb_1−xSn_xTe, the Grüneisen parameter γ_E determined using XAFS much more precisely corresponds with the changes of lattice thermal conductivity κ_lat compared to γ_S obtained from the speed of sound measurements. This study explains the observed drastic reduction in κ_L in Pb_1−xSn_xTe solid solution (2.3 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ for PbTe vs. 1.0 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ for Pb_0.75Sn_0.25Te), due to changes in the interatomic pair potential of Pb–Te and Sn–Te and provides guidelines into its effective modification related to thermal transport in alloys based on PbTe. The estimated range of low thermal conductivity for the PbTe–SnTe solid solutions (<1 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹) reveals opportunities for further enhancement of energy conversion for this promising family of compounds. Moreover, this work provides a new concept for the estimation of the Grüneisen parameter through the EXAFS spectra analysis.