ZIF-67 derived hollow nanomaterials as solid phase microextraction coatings for rapid capture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples

Abstract

Zeolitic imidazole framework-67 (ZIF-67) derived hollow nanomaterials (HO-ZIF-67) were prepared by an etching technique of tannic acid and used as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coatings for rapid capture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). An orthogonal array design (OAD) was designed to find out the optimal extraction conditions. Under the optimized conditions, the HO-ZIF-67 coated fiber exhibited better enrichment performance than the ZIF-67 coated fiber and commercial fibers. Besides, hollow structures can effectively reduce the distance for the transfer of analytes and holes, which accelerated the mass transfer and shortened the adsorption equilibrium time. The method exhibited wide linear ranges (0.01–1000 μg L⁻¹), low detection limits (0.004–2.36 μg L⁻¹), and good reproducibility; the relative standard deviation (RSD) was in the range of 0.4–7.0% and 1.1–7.4% for single fiber and fiber-to-fiber, respectively, and the spiked recoveries at two levels of 20.0 and 50.0 μg L⁻¹ were in the range of 66.70–123.05% with the RSDs less than 7.977%. Finally, the method was applied for the determination of fifteen PAHs from the real water samples with the combination of HPLC successfully.